Network Engineering Basics – Part 1
Before you can understand routers, firewalls, or security, it helps to start with the most basic question: what is a network? Although networking can sound complex at first, the core idea is actually simple.
In this beginner-friendly article, we’ll explain what a network is, why networks exist, and how devices communicate, using clear language and real-world examples.
What Is a Network?
A network is a group of devices that are connected so they can communicate and share resources.
In practical terms, a network allows devices such as computers, phones, servers, and printers to:
- Send and receive data
- Share files and applications
- Access the internet
- Communicate with each other
In other words, a network connects devices so they can work together.
Why Networks Exist
Without networks, every device would operate on its own. As a result, sharing information would be slow, inefficient, or impossible.
Networks exist because they:
- Enable communication between devices
- Reduce duplication of resources
- Improve efficiency and productivity
- Allow centralized management and security
For example, instead of every computer having its own printer, a network allows many users to share one printer.
What Devices Are on a Network?
A network can include many different types of devices. However, they all fall into a few common categories.
End Devices
These are the devices people use directly, such as:
- Computers and laptops
- Smartphones and tablets
- Servers
- Printers
End devices create and consume data.
Network Devices
These devices connect end devices together, including:
- Routers
- Switches
- Firewalls
- Wireless access points
Network devices move, manage, and protect data as it travels.
How Devices Communicate on a Network
Devices on a network communicate by sending data packets. Each packet contains information such as:
- Where the data is coming from
- Where it is going
- What type of data it is
First, the sending device breaks data into packets. Next, the network delivers those packets to the correct destination. Finally, the receiving device reassembles the data.
Because of this process, large amounts of data can move quickly and reliably.
Types of Networks You Encounter Every Day
Not all networks are the same. In fact, networks come in different sizes and serve different purposes.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A LAN connects devices in a small area, such as:
- A home
- An office
- A school
For example, your home Wi-Fi network is a LAN.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A WAN connects networks across large distances. The internet itself is the largest WAN in existence.
Businesses often use WANs to connect offices in different cities or countries.
Wired vs Wireless Networks
Networks can connect devices in two main ways.
Wired Networks
Wired networks use Ethernet cables. As a result, they are:
- Faster
- More reliable
- Less prone to interference
Because of this, wired connections are common for servers and critical systems.
Wireless Networks
Wireless networks use Wi-Fi instead of cables. Although more convenient, they can be affected by:
- Distance
- Interference
- Congestion
Still, wireless networking is essential for mobility and modern devices.
Why Networks Matter in Real Life
Networks power almost everything we use today. For example:
- Websites rely on networks to deliver content
- Email depends on network communication
- Streaming services require fast, reliable networks
- Businesses depend on networks to operate daily
As a result, understanding networks is a critical skill for anyone entering IT or engineering.
Common Beginner Misunderstandings
Many beginners assume that:
- The internet and a network are the same thing
- Wi-Fi is the network itself
- One device controls everything
However, it is made up of many components working together. Understanding this early makes future topics much easier.
How This Fits Into Network Engineering
Network engineering focuses on:
- Designing networks
- Building and configuring networks
- Securing traffic
- Troubleshooting connectivity issues
Therefore, knowing what a network is provides the foundation for everything that comes next.
What’s Next in the Series
Now that you understand what a network is, the next step is learning about the devices that make networks work.
This next article will break down each device and explain how they fit together in real-world networks.
Final Thoughts
Although networking can seem intimidating at first, starting with the basics makes everything clearer. By understanding what a network is and why it exists, you are already building a strong foundation.
This is the first step on your network engineering journey.
Welcome to Network Engineering Basics on Relay Rack 1.